Scientific work is shaped and regulated through values and norms, which are reflected in UiB's official information on integrity for students. Some of the key points are:

Trancparency^*
Reproducability
Scientific integrity and
Critical discussion

In academic literature, these values are expressed through the following:

The purpose of the research and the literature on which it is based are clearly stated. This requires a clearly formulated research question/thesis statement, and a carefully compiled list of references, i.e., a precise list of all sources used. In addition, the research must be made available to fellow researchers, students, and others in quality-assured publications,
Methods are carefully described so that others can reproduce the research,
Other researchers are cited and thus credited when their hypotheses, results, models, or conclusions are reproduced
Foundations, hypotheses, methodology, interpretations, and conclusions are always available for critical discussion in scientific publications so errors and weaknesses can be corrected and improved.

Therefore, look for these literary characteristics when assessing "scientificness" in academic literature.

^{*Transparency and the best basis for re-analysing results are achieved if the research and source data in the research are made available under open (CC) licenses, so that everyone has access to read the research work and reuse, or possibly re-analyse, the source data.}

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